The implications of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" settlement case in terms of musician royalties

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I bring this up because this article raises some potential issues:

Owen Dean, South Africa's leading copyright lawyer, argued successfully for Linda's family that under the British Imperial Copyright Act of 1911, which was in force in South Africa at the time Linda composed his song, all rights revert to the heirs, who are entitled to renegotiate royalties.

"Now the way has been shown," Dean told The Associated Press. "Others in similar circumstances can fight such injustice, and I have no doubt that there are other people in this position."

The 1911 act affects all countries that were part of the British Empire at that time — a third of the world.

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Kevin Chang, a Jamaican reggae expert, said the case means that "musicians living in poverty, and other artists, may finally be rewarded for their work."

Chang believes the decision could be applied to an ongoing British court case in which Carlton Barrett of Bob Marley and the Wailers is suing Marley's estate for royalties, arguing songs he co-authored are being credited only to Marley.

Seems to me Chang might be stretching a point given that we're talking about a South African court decision rather than a British one -- still, is there something to this?

Ned Raggett (Ned), Thursday, 23 March 2006 05:19 (twenty years ago)

i don't think that many post-colonial nations will acknowledge the legitimacy of an imperial law, given that the empire has since collapsed and the illegitimacy of their rule in the first place (defining political legitimacy as beginning with the consent of the governed). i find it a little unbelievable that a south african court accepted that as precedent.

lf (lfam), Thursday, 23 March 2006 06:29 (twenty years ago)

i am pretty sure in many instances statutes were just lifted en bloc, kept in effect w/a difft letterhead on the top

Tracer Hand (tracerhand), Thursday, 23 March 2006 07:16 (twenty years ago)

Wow, I remember reading about that in Rolling Stone when I was in middle school.

Linda sold worldwide copyright to Gallo Records of South Africa for 10 shillings — less than $1.70.

Someone is seriously going to hell for that.

musically (musically), Thursday, 23 March 2006 07:37 (twenty years ago)

'i don't think that many post-colonial nations will acknowledge the legitimacy of an imperial law, given that the empire has since collapsed '

Maybe. But most of the countires that were in the British Empire are still members of the Commonwealth (including Jamaica and South Africa), so its not true to say that they reject completely any political organization with its legacy in Colonialism.

Robin Goad (rgoad), Thursday, 23 March 2006 08:47 (twenty years ago)

robin's right. also under english law the argument is that the independence of post-colonial nations is granted by act of (UK) parliament, and is therefore subject to revocation in the same way as any other act of parliament.

the former colonies probably have their own view of this argument.

Dr J Bowman (Dr J Bowman), Thursday, 23 March 2006 13:39 (twenty years ago)

The 1911 act will have status in law in the majority of ex-British colonies unless it has been repealed or replaced by subsequent legislation (it surely has) though in most instances law cannot be enacted with retrospective effect and therefore cases that deal with copyright issues arrising, as here, where the 1911 act was in force must be ruled on in accord with such an act. This means that yes the law would run similarly in Commonwealth countries with inherited common law systems (Canada, Australia, Jamaica, Nigeria, etc.) Here in Ireland we have a vast quantity of legislation on the Statute books that is pre Independence and inherited from Westminister including public order offences, animal welfare and mental health acts, Government is too slow or uninterested to repeal or replace these acts. A few years back a Pub in Temple Bar in Dublin was found to have a void license and the Act dealing with such an offence was from the mid 19th Century. They could only be charged with "Running a shebeen" which was an illegal irish drinking den and the maximum fine was from then too, £50. Ridiculous. Countries all over the world have to deal with this body of legislation inherited from colonial times. The question is which countries will have the 1911 act on the books and for how long, how much music was covered. For instance: When did Jamaica replace the act? is ska covered?

Also the Westminister Statute of 1931 gives Dominion Parlaiments equal and independent status to Westminister allowing them to reject any legislation passed at Westminister so Bowman's point doesn't hold, that's law not a former colonies point of view.

Major Alfonso (Major Alfonso), Thursday, 23 March 2006 15:09 (twenty years ago)

oops I didn't spot the Marley case reference at the bottom.

There's every possibility that this could apply.

Many countries still have the House of Commons as their ultimate court of appeal, Jamaican and West Indies cases end up there, including not too long ago one about the death penalty which is against the law in the UK, presenting unique difficulties.
So I wonder whether the Marley case is in the UK because it has reached the Law Lords referred from a Jamaican court or was it originally taken in the UK under British law? because if it's the latter then there is certainly superior legislation to the 1911 act on UK Statue books from the 60's on.

Major Alfonso (Major Alfonso), Thursday, 23 March 2006 15:20 (twenty years ago)

The Privy Council is the ultimate court, not the House of Lords but the Law Lords on the Privy Council sit in the House of Lords too.. methinks. Anyone completely clear on the British Consitution? seeing as it's unwritten it's a bitch. Also the Privy Council is directly (supposedly) answerable to the Monarch (not clear on this though)
Maybe the Queen could decide where the Marley millions should go, I hear she's a fan.

Major Alfonso (Major Alfonso), Thursday, 23 March 2006 15:26 (twenty years ago)

Also the Westminister Statute of 1931 gives Dominion Parlaiments equal and independent status to Westminister allowing them to reject any legislation passed at Westminister so Bowman's point doesn't hold, that's law not a former colonies point of view.

"also under english law the argument is that the independence of post-colonial nations is granted by act of (UK) parliament, and is therefore subject to revocation in the same way as any other act of parliament." - the argument is that under the principle of parliamentary sovereignty parliament cannot bind itself. the interesting question then is what if the UK parliament decides to repeal the statute granting power to the dominion parliaments?

an academic argument possibly, but interesting nonetheless.

Dr J Bowman (Dr J Bowman), Thursday, 23 March 2006 15:31 (twenty years ago)

"The Privy Council is the ultimate court, not the House of Lords but the Law Lords on the Privy Council sit in the House of Lords too.. methinks"

yep

"Anyone completely clear on the British Consitution?"

nope

"seeing as it's unwritten it's a bitch."

like it that way - nice and flexible :-)

Dr J Bowman (Dr J Bowman), Thursday, 23 March 2006 15:32 (twenty years ago)

The Westminister Statute isn't academic for many former Colonies, when it was passed Canada asked to be exempted because they were unable to come to any comprehensive or secure position regarding Quebec and provinces, they needed the superiority of Westminister.

Whether or not UK Parliamentary sovereignty could be re-estrablished over Canada I'm not sure, it's very possible it might, in law, Australia too. India would be far far harder, as would a great many former Colonies who legally used the act to re-engineer their legal status/relationship to Britain. Also any repeal would be just that, it would only have effect in the current time on current colonies and couldn't act retrospectively to those countries that have re-engineered their status. For instance:

The Westminister Statute was incredibly important for Ireland because it allowed the Irish Parlaiment to lift the Government of Ireland act 1920 legally and therefore allowed the state to redefine itself in law which could not challenged by Britain. Because the Government of Ireland act was was lifted the Free State was able to become Éire under the 1937 Constition and forever lift the legal authority of Westminister. It happened that the DeValera took advantage of the crisis in the Monarchy at the time too. In the irish case, should the sovereignty of ireland be revoked, the parliament that would lose it's sovereignty does not exist under British Law and the law cannot act retrospectively. In effect Ireland become fully independent only after the 1937 constitution or even later, after withdrawing from the Commonwealth as an associated country (i think it was callled) in 1948 and passing the Republic of Ireland act. There's still a muddle though. We're only The "Republic of Ireland" under the Republic of Ireland act 1949, constitionally we're Éire. So the Westminister Act was vitally important to ex-colonies. I have no doubt that there are dominion status states that could be legally reclaimed by UK, but the're probaby very very few. And there are a thousand an one legal arguments against the legality of that in UK law i'm sure, never mind intenational treaty law.

This is all academic with regard to the original post though, absolutely!

Major Alfonso (Major Alfonso), Thursday, 23 March 2006 15:57 (twenty years ago)

Hey, I'm learning a lot, no problem with that!

Ned Raggett (Ned), Thursday, 23 March 2006 15:59 (twenty years ago)

yes, always found constitutional law an interesting topic. also alfonso, please understand that in this respect i am playing devil's advocate, and i acknowledge that what's academic on a message board may be less so when trying to free yourself from the burden of colonialism.

however, the argument is that in english law (the uk) parliament is sovereign. it may delegate power to other bodies, but as it retains sovereignty theoretically it can revoke that power at will. i know the arguments that certain acts of parliament can be "entrenched", but i don't see how that can accord with a pure theory of parliamentary sovereignty.

obviously in the real world there are all sorts of checks and balances on parliamentary power.

Dr J Bowman (Dr J Bowman), Thursday, 23 March 2006 16:22 (twenty years ago)

I think of the main problems with the theory of parlaimentary sovereignity in the UK these days is the relationship to european law. There are strange devices where courts have to find accord or harmony between british law as passed by Parlaiment and European law and conventions. It's all very strange and confusing to me. I don't even know what the status of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights act is anymore in the UK. Is it suspended?
Constitutional law is interesting alright.

But yeah, Ned, Courts in other ex-british colonies could do something similar to what happened in South Africa but South African judgements aren't precedent or don't have effect outside South African jurisdiction.

Major Alfonso (Major Alfonso), Thursday, 23 March 2006 16:43 (twenty years ago)

the relationship to eu law is where the principle gets more relevant: by an act of parliament the uk has decreed that eu law will have supremacy over english law. can a subsequent act of parliament then take us out of the eu? answers to the usual address please.

the human rights act 1998 is still in effect. it obliges public bodies to act in accordance with the european convention of human rights (i.e. it's not effective against private individuals). parliament is supposed to issue a statement with the passing of each act stating whether or not it is compliant with the echr/hra. however, if it isn't then that doesn't mean the act is invalid. furthermore, if a court finds an act incompatible with human rights they can make a declaration of incompatibility, but the act still stands.

Dr J Bowman (Dr J Bowman), Thursday, 23 March 2006 17:03 (twenty years ago)


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